Placed at the end of a sentence to accentuate the mood or attitude of the speaker. • Placed at the end of a sentence to convey reassurance or express solidarity. • Indicates an attempt at expressing sympathy, conveying informality or sincerity, or establishing a rapport with the listener. • Placed at the end of an assertive statement to express denial or dismissiveness. • Used after an assertive statement to reinforce its authoritativeness, or to show that the speaker is confident with what they are saying. • Asserts that something is clear, obvious or straightforward. • Used to tone down an imperative sentence, so it sounds more like a request or suggestion. • Indicates strong persuasion at the end of an imperative sentence. • Indicates a retrospective remark or a reassessment of one’s opinion. • Reinforces a suggestion with the implication that it is the more practical option. • Indicates confirmation-seeking at the end of an inferential statement. • Used to express realisation, or vexation when something is already obvious. • Reinforces the factuality of an assertive statement made to correct an inaccurate, underlying assumption. • Used to convey a slight sense of dissatisfaction or irritation. • Used for enumeration (when listing examples). • An assertive separator, used to reverse the order of the usual topic–comment structure of a sentence. • Used sarcastically.